Russian Imperative mood
We have already learned Russian Present, Past and Future tenses. Today, let’s learn how to tell people to do something, i.e. to form the Imperative mood (Command form) from Russian verbs.
Commands for the 2d person (ты and вы)
To convert a verb in its Command form, you must know if the verb is perfective or imperfective:
– For imperfective verbs: work with the 3d person plural form in the Present tense.
– For perfective verbs: work with the 3d person plural form in the Future tense.
1. For verbs which stem ends in a vowel
Take the 3d person plural form, drop the verb’s ending and add:
– й – for the singular or informal form (ты)
– йте – for the plural or formal form (вы)
ду́мать -> ду́мают -> ду́май / ду́майте (to think)
If it’s a reflexive verb – drop the verb’s ending and add
– йся – for the singular or informal form (ты)
– йтесь – for the plural or formal form (вы)
стара́ться -> стара́ются -> стара́йся / стара́йтесь (to try, to endeavour)
2. For verbs which stem ends in a consonant
Take the 3d person plural form, drop the verb’s ending and add
– и – for the singular or informal form (ты)
– ите – for the plural or formal form (вы)
проси́ть -> про́сят -> проси́ / проси́те (to ask)
If it’s a reflexive verb – drop the verb’s ending and add
– ись – for the singular or informal form (ты)
– итесь – for the plural or formal form (вы)
влюби́ться -> влю́бятся -> влюби́сь / влюби́тесь (to fall in love)
But if the stress of the infinitive comes on the stem of the verb, add ь and ьте accordingly:
знако́мить -> знако́мят -> знако́мь / знако́мьте (to present, to introduce)
Some irregular verbs in the Imperative mood
быть -> будь / бу́дьте (to be)
есть -> ешь / е́шьте (to eat)
ждать -> жди / жди́те (to wait)
идти -> иди / иди́те (to go)
езжа́ть -> езжай / езжа́йте (to drive)
Commands for the 1st and 3d persons
1. With the particle пусть
The particle пусть is used to form the third-person Imperative. The formula is:
пусть + (subject) + 3d person verb in the present or future
Examples:
Пусть он схо́дит в магази́н.
Let him go to the store.
Пусть они́ е́дут куда́ хотя́т.
Let them go where they want to.
Пусть бу́дет как есть.
Let it be as it is.
2. With the verb дава́ть
This way is used to form the first-person commands. The formula is:
дава́й/дава́йте + (subject) + the verb in the future
The form дава́й is used when talking to one person in informal tone.
The form дава́йте is used when talking to several people or in formal tone.
Examples:
Дава́й пойдём в кино́!
Let’s go to the cinema!
Дава́й, я помогу́ тебе́!
(Will you) let me help you!
Дава́йте пообе́даем в рестора́не!
Let’s have a dinner in the restaurant!
Дава́йте не бу́дем шуме́ть!
Let’s not to make noise!
3. Using the Future tense
The 1st person plural verbs (usually perfective verbs) in the Future tense can be used as a command:
Схо́дим в кино́?
Let’s go to the cinema?
Поговори́м по-ру́сски!
Let’s speak Russian!
With some verbs addressing a number of persons or speaking in the formal tone the ending -те must be added:
Пойдёмте туда́ вме́сте?
Let’s go there together? (informal)
Пойдёмте пообе́даем в рестора́не!
Let’s come have lunch in a restaurant! (formal or plural)
Practice all today’s examples with the audio track.
The offline version of this lesson is available here
I am interested in the use of the 2nd person singular imperative to replace есди бы. For example: знай я что он болен живи я в России Can you give me more examples and say if they can always be used instead of если бы The English equivalent would be: Had I known he was ill Had I lived in Russia
Hi Brian,
Thanks for your message and sorry for not replying for so long, I’ve been travelling.
It is a very interesting question. Overall, I would say yes, you can always use this form instead of если бы. I can’t think of any example where it would be really inappropriate. Having said that, I personally don’t use this form very often and don’t hear it very often. Maybe because the longer если бы form gives you more time to formulate what you want to say after it, not sure.
To give you more examples:
– Будь я тобой, я бы этого не делала.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do this.
– Знай я, что так будет, я бы сюда не пришла.
Had I known that this would happen, I would not have come here.
I don’t understand what is stress of the infinitive comes on the stem of the verb, add ь and ьте accordingly.Not all stress of the infinitive comes on the stem of the verb?
Hello Alan,
In the word проси́ть, accent (stress) falls on the -ить which is the ending of the verb, the stem would be прос-.
In the word знако́мить, the stem is знако́м, i.e. the stress is the part of the stem.